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第七章 就位時段-蔡荣章

《無我茶會Sans Self Tea Gathering 180條》

蔡荣章著Author:Rong-tsang Tsai

ISBN 978-957-9690-08-9 “无我茶会Sans Self Tea Gathering 180” ,First edition: 1999.9, Second edition: 2010.9.《无我茶会180条》,1999.9第一版,2010.9第二版.台北陆羽茶艺股份有限公司.2012.05.20修订版-English Translator : Katherine Yip,英语翻译:叶德明.

第七章 就位時段

75.每人的坐墊應如何放置才會整齊

由於座位號碼牌的放置位子是以坐墊前緣的中心點為基準,所以就位時,將「坐墊」(不是墊布)前緣的中間點切齊號碼牌,每人就位後就會很整齊了。

76.就坐後號碼牌如何處置

如果號碼牌是用紙片製作的,坐墊放置妥當後就把號碼牌收到袋子裡,這樣看起來比較整潔。號碼牌若是一件紀念品,就將它擺置在適當的地方,與茶具一起展示出來,等到收拾茶具時,才將它一並帶走。

在報到處抽到的號碼簽,也是將它收藏起來比較好,放在座位上顯得淩亂。

77.杯子正放還是倒扣的好

抽籤、就位,擺茶具時,杯子放在奉茶盤上,一般是將之倒扣,理由是基於衛生原則,但如果您的杯子要正放時才好看,而且現場沒有風沙等衛生上的考慮,將之正放亦無妨。開始泡茶前,將杯子打開放正。

78.向圍觀者奉茶時,對外奉茶的杯子要陳列出來嗎

若本次無我茶會決定向圍觀的來賓奉茶,一般是由主辦單位統一於報到處分發特定的杯子。每人領到杯子後先放在茶具袋內,擺設茶具時也不陳列出來,等到奉圍觀者的茶泡妥後,才取出杯子分茶。理由有三:一是為了簡潔美觀,免得泡茶區上太多東西。二是為了安全,免得杯子被風吹跑。三是增加神秘的氣氛,到了奉茶給圍觀來賓時,居然每人都暗藏了額外的杯子。

79.安排有「供應茶食」時,帶來的茶食要不要擺放出來

若本次無我茶會安排有「供應茶食」,會於「公告事項」內說明,並註明在第幾道茶後供應,此時大家就必須攜帶茶食。在茶具擺置時,茶食不要先擺放出來,主要原因是衛生問題,等到供應時才從茶具袋內取出。

80.夜晚無我茶會時,茶會燈放哪兒比較好

天黑後舉辦的無我茶會都要攜帶個人用的茶會燈,擺設的地方以能照射到壺口或碗內為原則,此外要考慮到不妨礙沖水、倒茶、奉茶等動作,而且整體看起來很美觀。

如果茶會燈使用蠟燭或油燈,還要考慮安全問題,如一陣風來,泡茶巾、茶巾、坐墊等會不會被吹到燈罩上而引起燃燒。若使用瓦斯,應留意攜帶過程中會不會造成漏氣。

81.戶外風大時怎麼辦

戶外舉辦無我茶會,遇到風大時,最易被掀起的是鋪在地上的泡茶巾、坐墊、墊布以及直立式的瘦高型熱水瓶。熱水瓶可以躺著放,並藉它壓著泡茶巾的迎風面,坐墊、墊布可以用茶具袋鎮壓。其他較重的隨身物品及場地上的石塊,都可以派上用場。

82.茶會前下過雨,場地濕濘怎麼辦

出發前就知道場地可能濕濘,應該帶一塊防水墊布以便鋪在地上。若半路上才下了一場雨,只有隨機應變了。如果在野外泡茶,在不破壞景觀的情況下可拔些草、摘些葉子鋪在地上;若在水泥或鋪石地上泡茶,可將地上小面積的積水掃掉,大面積的積水則避開。克服困難、隨遇而安是這個時候應有的態度。

83.戶外昆蟲的問題

戶外舉辦無我茶會,席地而坐後難免有昆蟲前來參加,或爬到坐墊上,或跑到奉茶盤上。第五屆國際無我茶會在中國武夷山的玉女峰下草坪舉行後,有茶友就反映這個問題,甚至抱怨小蟲跳到杯子裡面。主辦單位直覺地回答:那麼下次舉辦,前幾天先噴灑一次農藥就不會有這些問題了。停了一下子馬上有人反對:一些昆蟲有什麼關係,難道噴農藥比較好嗎?大家思索了一陣了,結果支持昆蟲的聲音此起彼落:有隻螳螂爬到我的奉茶盤上,我就帶著它一起去奉茶,回座位後它才慢慢地離開。另外一位茶友說:有只小蟲跳進我的杯子裡,我就避開它把茶喝了,剩下一些茶把蟲倒掉。

討論到後來,大家似乎不再反對小蟲的參與,反而說起了小昆蟲們與會的趣事。

84.「茶具觀摩與聯誼」何時開始、何時結束、有何替代方案

「茶具觀摩與聯誼」是無我茶會的第一項活動。茶具擺設妥當後就可以起身與周遭的茶友打招呼、參觀他們帶來的茶具,陌生的朋友也利用這個機會相互認識。「茶具觀摩與聯誼時間」沒有明確的起點。

但是「開始泡茶」卻是很重要的一個明確時刻,每位參加無我茶會的人都要知道。泡茶開始的時刻就是「茶具觀摩與聯誼時間」的結束,大家必須及時主動回到自己的座位,開始泡茶。

如果是一群相知甚深的朋友,茶具觀摩與聯誼變得不重要,可改為大家靜坐數分鐘後開始泡茶。主辦人發覺大家都已到齊,而且都擺好了茶具,主動引導大家靜坐,預定的時間到後,有意以打開熱水瓶,發出聲音來告訴大家開始泡茶。

從報到進入茶具觀摩與聯誼,已是無我茶會的一部分,不宜播放音樂,以免大家站在一旁聆聽,不認真從事茶具觀摩與聯誼,甚至誤以為這只是無我茶會的預備時段。如果設有對外解說,從擺號碼牌開始就要告訴圍觀的人,這群人在做些什麼。

如果舉行茶會的城鎮需要有個開幕式,可於會場旁設置開幕式的場所,大家辦完報到,茶具擺放妥當後,聚集到開幕式的地方。進行完開幕式,回到無我茶會會場,從「茶具觀摩與聯誼」時段做起。這樣做比將開幕式安排在「茶具觀摩與聯誼」時間內為佳,不會破壞無我茶會的完整性。也比安排在擺設茶具之前為好,因為那個時候一點無我茶會的氣氛都沒有。

85.茶具觀摩的禮節

無我茶會是每人自備茶具,所以茶會的現場有如茶具的展覽,尤其是國際性的無我茶會,各國的茶具聚集一堂,實在熱鬧。再說,每人攜帶的茶具也或多或少代表了本人的個性,從茶具的欣賞有助於茶友間的認識。

欣賞茶具時,不要用手觸摸,或是拿起來觀看,一方面是基於衛生的要求,二方面是避免失手打破,除非茶具主人正好在場,由他主動拿起茶具介紹或授意您取壺欣賞。

走動時腳步宜輕,免得引起飛塵,而且小心不要踏到或踢到茶具。別人還忙著擺置茶具的當兒,不要打擾他,免得耽誤他的進度。交談間,不要盯住一個人說個不停,否則這個人就沒有時間欣賞茶具與從事其他聯誼活動了。留意還剩下多少時間可以從事茶具觀摩與聯誼,把握足夠的時間回到自己的座位泡茶。

86.如何發揮聯誼的效果

無我茶會顯著發揮聯誼效果的時段是前面的「茶具觀摩」與茶會結束後的「會後活動」,為增進此「交朋友」的效果,可安排一些「聯誼人員」協助茶友們的相互認識。如果本次茶會有數個團體的成員參加,「聯誼人員」必須由熟知這些團體成員的人士擔任。

87.如何對圍觀群眾發放「簡介」

若選擇在公共場所舉辦無我茶會,多半帶有推廣的用意,除了設置解說員將無我茶會的做法與精神介紹給圍觀的群眾之外,還可以分發「簡介」。分發簡介的方法有三:一是在報到處設置服務台,明顯標示有簡介備索,且於茶會進行間持續為之。二是安排發放人員,手持簡介游走于會場周圍,讓有興趣的圍觀者自行拿取。三是事先分發給與會的泡茶人員,茶會結束後由泡茶人員送給圍觀的來賓,並口頭說明之。

  (1821)

茶道艺术家的精炼功夫-20130617周一喝茶-许玉莲

茶道艺术家的精炼功夫

许玉莲

20130617周一喝茶慢MONDAY SLOW TEA

泡茶师在从事茶汤作品发表会时要有常识、见识与胆识,才能够协助喝茶者参与一起创作。为什么要说这些,因为泡茶师如缺乏定力与气魄罩住茶席上茶、器物、人与时间的掌控,全场气流便不跟着他的节奏走,主要人物荒腔走调没能引导出席者进入该旋律,喝茶者看不出泡茶师的需要没办法配合,其「茶汤作品」遭漠视便是顺理成章的事。

喝茶者参与「茶汤作品」发表会一起创作部分包括什么呢,举例:出席礼服的规定、什么时间开始与结束、席间不再处理其他杂务、什么时候可说话、要说些什么,提拿各种茶具有一定手势、前后次序要如何配合大家、细心观赏茶叶、知道茶具要如此搭配的目的、了解这茶将要呈现怎样的茶汤风格,接受和欣赏在泡茶师主导下所呈现出来的作品等等。

泡茶师为了让大家可全神贯注在「创作」上,就有必要在茶会邀请柬或茶会票根上明确告知出席者这是什么形式的茶会,注明出席者需要做些什么来配合该场地和茶会所需,比如着装规定,小孩不允许进场。泡茶师也可在茶会入口处注明告示出席者:手机要关闭、不可带水瓶进场、不可摄影。诸如种种不利于茶汤创作的部分,泡茶师有责任提早让出席者知道。想得周到的泡茶师,还可预备一些适合的礼服在后台,万一有客人需要可借给他穿,以免他被拒场外。

茶道艺术家进行茶汤作品发表时,不能只仗持着泡茶技艺很好就可完成的,茶汤这件艺术品的大前提是必须有人将之品饮,所以作品的完成会有许许多多品茗者的参与,如何让人们理解茶道艺术家在进行着什么,如何让品茗者乐于听从整个茶汤作品创作的程序旋律并追随,如何让品茗者加入成为茶道艺术的一份子,茶道艺术家有责任引领、并且要将从A地(现实生活)到B地(通过茶汤作品创造的新境地)的「手续」说清楚。

泡茶师要勇于表明立场,所谓立场即针对将要冲泡之茶叶有充分了解,知道要怎么冲泡怎么品赏它,才能将其本质表现得一百分,为了要将这个美丽的茶汤精炼出来给大家享用,故此整个茶汤作品发表会的一切有形、无形法、时间、人物都得听他的调度。如此,泡茶才能升华成茶汤作品,泡茶师才能升华至茶道艺术家。

  (1819)

泡茶师进场与退场的规矩-20130610周一喝茶慢-许玉莲

许玉莲

泡茶师进场与退场的规矩

许玉莲

20130610周一喝茶慢MONDAY SLOW TEA

泡茶师为客人掌席泡茶呈献茶汤作品的品茗会,泡茶师要有进场与退场的规矩。茶会开始前把茶席设置完毕,让泡茶师等在席上至一位一位客人入座了才开始泡茶不是一个好办法,那是接待负责带位、公关负责寒暄的工作。泡茶师在泡茶前将茶席整装完毕就到后台休息,直至被主持人请出—-如果泡茶师独自一人入席即开始泡茶,这样子有点生硬,与物与人的感情还没投入似的。

泡茶师的进场,不是说把进场仪式包装得有声有色、音乐响起就够了,也不是拿着一盘漂亮的花、提着一盏古董灯风姿绰约走入茶席就完了,这些动作与茶无关,对品茶一点帮助都没有。

泡茶师要怎么进场呢?品茗环境打扫、布置好后,摆上泡茶桌、椅子、储存柜子、屏风等(如有),泡茶桌如有桌巾可铺上,将煮水器摆放在妥当位置,辅茶器如茶匙、杯托、茶巾等也布置好,茶席设置至此可告一段落,就等来宾入座。时间到了,泡茶师要很郑重的拿着此次茶会的主茶器进场,可作以下安排:将主茶器如壶、茶海、杯子、茶叶(装好在茶罐)收入一托盘或篮子,用恭敬的心请它们进场。

茶器收纳要有一定上下或里外次序,根据要摆放的前后时间决定它的位置,如壶垫要放在最外面,接着才是茶壶以此类推,这样从盘或篮子把茶器取出时就不会乱,第一从最外面取出壶垫,放在茶席,第二取出茶壶,置放壶垫上,壶若有布袋包裹,小心打开取出后,把布袋折叠整齐收回篮子里。一件一件取出置放茶席上,应摆在最远位置的茶具要先从篮子里取出,依序从远至近,都放好了收下篮子,最后备水煮水,这样一步一步进入泡茶状况,牵动着品茗者的心慢慢专注在茶道上,那才叫美呢。

退场要怎么做?品茗到最后,清水也喝了,茶渣也看了闻了,将器具做初步清理,取出装主茶器的篮子,依序把壶、茶海、茶杯、茶罐等一一收进去,站起来将篮子收进去(后台),再出到茶席来,与大家鞠躬,告知大家结束了。有这样子一丝不苟的前后呼应,有这样子对茶对人的依依不舍,那才叫好呢。

  (2134)

泡茶师选茶器的心思-20130603周一喝茶慢-许玉莲

 

许玉莲茶道泡茶师选茶器的心思

许玉莲

20130603周一喝茶慢MONDAY SLOW TEA

泡茶用器的选择需要开明又细腻的心思,先要相信所有器物只要能盛水装茶就可以用于泡茶,无论它的材质是什么或它的造型长什么样子,然后才了解各类材质制成之茶具的烧结程度、质感如何、做工有够精细吗、使用功能是否符合实际操作等,熟悉了它们,泡茶师就可以知道针对每一支泡茶器应做些什么来表现茶的好或茶的不同风格。泡茶器一定要美那是不用说的了,泡茶师要锻炼的是接受美的勇气与发掘美的能力。

茶具的烧结程度会影响茶汤气味,用烧结程度较低的泡、喝茶使茶汤水路呈现低频风格,烧结程度高的明显高频路线,过于低的则不适合泡、喝茶用,它令茶的香味附吸在器体,消弱茶应有的表现。不同材质如瓷、陶、砂等茶具,无论有无上釉,都会因烧造工艺不同而出现不同烧结程度,市面上看到的所谓白瓷,可能因为土质欠佳,烧得密度够不上瓷质的标准(这时严格说来已不能称其为瓷了)。泡茶师平日要多用各类壶泡各种茶,比如同一包龙井,放进瓷、紫砂和炻器中沖泡出来比较一下效果,瓷的茶汤风格高扬清鲜、紫砂的苦味降低风格沉实、炻器的风格浑圆,泡茶师能辨识材质变化才有办法讲究这道茶要表现什么。贪图「养壶」效果而说只有紫砂壶泡茶最好喝那是没有什么道理。

茶具是不是拥有很好的使用功能非常重要,有些茶具制者并不懂得泡茶、喝茶的原理,对茶具使用的细节无法掌握,泡茶师需要不断与茶具制者对话,提出合乎实际的改良。泡茶师也要懂得制造茶具吗?泡茶师可以是单纯的泡茶师,也可以同时是茶具设计者或茶具制作者,泡茶师对茶、对茶具熟悉而有感情后自然会长心得,如一支壶的重心好不好掌控,无重心则不好提拿影响出汤,如壶嘴出水可否断水,不可则茶汤到处溢流,浪费了茶叶及一番冲泡的心血,「流口水」场面也大大降低泡茶、品茶的凝聚力,它会瓦解泡茶师在整个泡茶席上要表现的内涵部分。

茶具的色泽要如何与茶汤、环境相配搭?茶具包括仅是素胎土与上过釉的,茶汤包括各种类茶想要呈现出怎样的汤色与口感效果,环境包括茶席、茶人与周遭一桌一椅一光一影等。茶具属于金属器如银、铁、黄铜等要如何预防烫手?为壶把、壶钮绑线防热?还是要预备一块布巾或夹子做隔热工具?泡茶师都在泡茶前做过千锤百炼的功夫了。

泡茶师并且要判断每一次的茶会,那支壶的容积够不够大,茶汤的量只有壶的百分之八十,比如该次茶会有10人,每人杯子40cc大,杯子装茶只装八分满约30cc,即每道茶需供应300cc茶量,泡茶师就要找一支360cc大的壶。如一支茶海不够大装不完所有茶汤,就需要用两支。

  (2221)

普洱茶品饮体系中的入仓茶-20130520周一喝茶慢-许玉莲

普洱茶品饮体系中的入仓茶

许玉莲

20130520周一喝茶慢MONDAY SLOW TEA

普洱茶只有「非生即熟」的茶品吗?不是的,这种将普洱茶两极化成不是生就是熟的观念,在普洱茶品饮体系里只属于近年市场运作的其中一种手法,它欠缺了普洱茶应有的完整性,也丢失了普洱茶应有的香味口感。说普洱喝普洱,必须包括老茶和入仓茶才对,老茶(多少年份才算是老,老的定义怎么定属于另一课题,不在本篇谈)现今难得一见,属于金字塔顶尖上茶品,即使谁有一些也不见得大多数喝茶者能够负担,故此老茶并不大量流通,那么没有几个人喝过老茶的状况可以理解,但入仓茶不应被推拒在普洱茶品饮体系之外。

什么是入仓茶?历史上香港、澳门的茶楼及茶庄率先建立普洱茶的仓储手艺,普洱茶存仓的主因是为了要使茶转化出喝茶者喜爱、能接受的一种口感,此种观念也被传至马来西亚有粤式茶楼的地方如吉隆坡、怡保,这些地域的普洱茶经营者觉得如果普洱茶还没有熟成至一个香味稳定,切合预期的口感需求的话,那是一个未算完成最后工艺的产品,还不能放在架子上出售,所以能够摆在市场发售的都是已转化出陈香味与旧茶味的普洱茶:所谓入仓茶。此即表示卖茶者卖茶时并不是左手买来右手卖出这么简单,也不是把普洱茶放进仓库里寄存若干年就是在做入仓茶了,茶必须经过一种他们认为很好的方法去精炼,才能创造出一种适合品饮以及喝茶者喜爱的口味。储存年份并不是绝对重要,更要紧的是味道口感要到位。

有些不熟悉入仓茶的人们误解入仓茶都是一些低劣手段或品管失误做出来的「泼水茶」或「黑水茶」,将这类普洱茶一律冠上「湿仓茶」的贬义字眼,令许多喝茶者对其卫生状况萌生恐惧而却步,无法跟进普洱茶一路走过的经历与发展,无端丢失享用入仓茶的滋味,那是非常可惜的,入仓该被视为一个中性字眼:存放普洱茶的仓储手艺,而且每一位普洱茶贩售者都应该懂得操作与精炼才对,像人们处理乌龙茶的焙火工艺一样。

有些人针对入仓茶(他们认为入仓就是湿仓,湿仓即肮脏)的「湿」,而把某些普洱茶称为「全干仓茶」或「未入仓茶」,前者可能是不明所以或属于一种商业说法,因为那是不科学的,普洱茶在一个完全干燥没有湿度的气温环境中根本无法产生后氧化作用,后者不切实际,茶若果不存放进仓库,除非只有几饼属于个人日常饮用而已,做买卖的茶势必有仓。所以这两个名称最后并不通行。

入仓茶曾经一度被改称呼叫「技术仓茶」,以便人们对它产生比较「学术、正面」的印象,因入仓之意就是将普洱茶经过一定的储存方法与年份,建造出一种符合人们需要与喜爱的口感的手艺,但这个称呼目前也是没办法通用起来,那好像只是为了硬邦邦的学说而取的名称,给不懂也不喝入仓茶的人们叫它的。对于许多长期在普洱茶品饮体系中卖它、买它、泡它、喝它的人们来说,入仓只是普洱茶之所以成为普洱茶的必然过程与手法,就好像制造白毫乌龙的茶芽必须「著涎」过才好喝这么的自然,又何恐惧之有?不必回避。

入仓不可改名称技术仓,因入仓并不可怕,入仓茶的品茗滋味空间大、有层次感,普洱茶品饮体系若少了它只剩下「生或熟」的选择,茶品岂不太单调。入仓是近百年香港、澳门、大马等地域精炼普洱、喝普洱喝出来的一种可爱可亲的手艺,有三、两代人的心思在里面,入仓茶手艺与品饮体系早在只有「生或熟」的选择之前已经完成,它在普洱生茶自然存放还未达到真正够老、生茶又太生的时候,自普洱生茶脱胎换骨而炼成,那时熟茶还没有出生呢。入仓茶不应在一些商业运作或某些人不懂得欣赏之因素而改名,或因没有勇气坚持而丢失建立多时,以臻成熟的独门功夫。

  (1905)

泡茶师检定考试制度

        泡茶师检定考试制度        

                                                                                                            

一.   宗旨

为肯定「泡好」茶在茶道的重要性,并在茶界建立起「泡茶师」的资格认定,以与「制茶师」、「评茶师」等共同为茶文化奠基。

二.受验资格

1. 很有把握在各种情况下泡好茶。

2. 对茶叶、茶具、茶史、茶道有基本知识,举止、仪态合于茶道之本质者。

三.检定标准

1. 术科部分:

(1)      从各种不同特质的茶类中,指定三种茶受检。

(2)      每种茶指定以不同形式、大小的茶具冲泡,供应特定人数享用。以一冲泡器,装一次茶叶,供茶一至四次为原则。小壶茶于奉茶后,大桶茶于冲泡间,可以试饮一小杯茶汤。

(3)      分别检定各种茶汤的色、香、味和操作者的仪态、熟练程度、整洁与经济原则 ( 茶量与汤量的适当控制 )。

(4)      四位评审,依每位受检员的三种茶分别计分,共计十二个分数。七十分以上视为通过一关,通过十关以上者〈含十二关〉,视为术科检定通过。

2. 学科部分:

(1)     以笔试测验(选择题)对茶叶、茶具、茶道的知识。

(2)     达七十分以上者,视为学科检定通过。

四.评审小组

1. 由主办单位聘请适当专家四人,组成评审小组,担任评审工作。

2. 成绩当场公布。

五.报名

1. 报名时间依每届主办单位的公告,额满得提前截止。

2. 报名截止后,举办考试说明会。未能出席也未明确表示届时必能应考者,主办单位得主动将其延至明年或依其意愿退费,并通知候补人员递补。

3. 说明会后,不论缺席或逾时被取消某项检定资格,受检费用概不退还。

4. 受检者于考试说明会后才通知不考或临时缺考,主办单位得决定该受检人于次年是否可参加受检。

颁发证书

1. 学、术两科检定通过者,发给「泡茶师证书」,单项通过者则发学、术科单项证书。

2. 未通过者,得再报名参加下次检定,检定费用另缴。学科或术科单项通过者,两年内得保留成绩再报名检定未通过之项目,受检费用全额缴纳。

茶界资格

通过此项检定考试者,即证明具有「泡茶师」能力,具备对茶叶、茶具、茶史、茶道足够的知识,有资格在茶艺、茶叶界担任泡茶师或同性质之工作,同时有能力丰富茶艺生活的内涵。

.术科规定

  1. 依题目之顺序,奉茶到评审席上。大桶茶之多余茶汤保存于原容器内
  2. 大桶茶奉茶完毕后由监察员量出所使用的茶叶及泡出之汤量,当场报告,并说明计分情形,作为评审考核「经济」项目的参考。
  3. 评分标准

项      目

分数

备      注

泡茶成绩

注 1

经济扣分(茶量)

注 2

经济扣分(汤量)

注 2

逾时扣分

注 3

共      计

注 4

注1:除大桶茶外,冲泡结束,冲泡器一律去渣归位,未去渣者扣3分。

注2:「经济」评分系指茶叶用量、茶汤份量是否合于经济原则。一次供茶服务中, 应将茶叶作最有效的使用。

A.大桶茶茶叶用量控制不良扣分标准如下:

超过标准用量的%

扣分标准

10 ~ 20

扣3分

20 ~ 30

扣7分

30 ~

扣10分

( 以每150CC的茶汤使用茶叶3公克为标准 )

 B.大桶茶茶汤份量控制不良扣分标准如下:

超过或不足%

扣分标准

10 ~ 20

扣3分

20 ~ 30

扣7分

30 ~

扣10分

 ( 以每杯八分满计算 ) 

注3:三种茶限40分钟完成,45分种以后视为超时,扣分情形如下:

超 过 时 间

扣分标准

5 ~ 6分钟

扣1分

6 ~ 7分钟

扣2分

7 ~ 8分钟

扣4分

8 ~ 9分钟

扣7分

9 ~ 10分钟

扣10分

 ( 超过10分钟强制结束 )

注4:注2的茶量、汤量与注3的时间,由现场监察员提供资料供评审参考。

 泡茶师检定考试a

泡茶师检定考试b

泡茶师检定考试e

泡茶师检定考试f

泡茶师检定考试评委许玉莲

泡茶师检定考试评委蔡荣章

泡茶师检定考试2015年漳州科技学院

 

 

  (2090)

如何引导大家重视茶汤-20130501周三小方块-蔡荣章

如何引导大家重视茶汤

蔡荣章

20130501周三小方块WEDNESDAY TEA CORNER

「我们知道茶汤是茶道的核心,为什么茶事活动时少人提到茶汤?」

「我愿听其详。」

「学校或社会上的茶道教室,上泡茶技艺课时,老师都只要求每一个动作应该怎么做,稍微有点误差都会被责骂,好像这才是茶道最重要的部分。茶汤谈论得不多。」

「是应该告诉同学每一个动作都是为了泡好这壶茶。如将茶荷调整方向再传递给茶友赏茶,是为了不让茶叶从荷口掉落下来。向壶内冲满水后要先放下热水壶、盖上盖子,然后按下计时器,是为了统一自己计算茶叶浸泡时间的习惯,否则一次从冲过水后开始计时,一次从盖上壶盖后开始计時,无法正确判断时间的长短。倒茶时要将茶汤滴干,是为了更好掌控下一道茶汤的浓度。如此将每一个泡茶动作的目的指向茶汤,自然会令学茶者意识到茶汤的重要。」

「泡茶练习时老师屡次纠正我们的动作而不喝我们的茶汤,仅有的二个学期都快过完了还是如此,这不得不让我们从潜意识里认为茶道的重心在动作。」

「这确是造成错误印象的原因之一。」

「我们到外面参加茶文化活动,有人质疑我们将重点放在茶汤。他们说茶汤在整个茶道表演(他们认为是在看表演)过程中只占小小的一部分,而且一喝便了,何劳那么小题大做。他们又说,浓一点淡一点不都也是茶,而且使用不同的温度还可以喝到不同的风味,为什么规定怎样的茶要用怎样的水温。再说,我们那么多人来看茶道表演,又有几个人喝到茶汤,我们怎么体会茶汤的艺术性,因此只好看看表演罢了。」

「你说到重点了,大家喝不到茶汤当然就把目标放在看表演的人、看泡茶人的肢体表现、看茶席的布置、看插花、看香道表演、看舞台的设计。茶道艺术展演的时候要让每一位与会者喝到茶汤,即使台上的泡茶师无法供应那么多茶,其他参与展演的人也要在台下提供,而且是提供与台上同样种类同样质量的茶。唯有如此才能将茶道的重心移到茶汤上。」

「杯子太小,汤量太少是不是也引不起大家的注意?」

「没有错,太少的汤量是不容易引起大家的注意,尤其在人多的场合。30cc以内的汤量较适合供应多次的小型茶会,只能供应一二次茶汤的茶会,每次要供应50cc以上。使用的杯子也很重要,质量不好的一次性杯子很难令人重视茶汤的重要性,既然设定为茶道艺术的活动,就应该使用优质的杯子。宁可管制与会人员、管控杯子,让每人有个好杯子使用,也胜于一大伙儿人进场得不到介绍茶道艺术的效果。」

  (1686)

泡茶师要坐着还是站着泡茶-20130429周一喝茶慢-许玉莲

泡茶师要坐着还是站着泡茶

许玉莲

20130429周一喝茶慢MONDAY SLOW TEA

我们这里指售卖茶汤,泡茶师一人掌席完成整个作品的呈献,不设助手、不离桌奉茶的品茗会,泡茶师要坐着还是站着泡茶?四位客人的小茶桌(约3尺长 x 1.5尺宽),即泡茶师两手伸长可及的范围之内短兵相接,不妨坐着泡茶奉茶,客人少、用具少而集中,泡茶师与客人接触的手势、眼神与波动的辐射范围也相对小,坐着绰绰有余了。

坐时要怎么坐?双脚必须平踏在地面,不要翘腿或任何其他姿势,掌席泡茶品茗是一项需要大量体力与不能分神的工作,有时单手需要提拿二千毫升的热水,故首先需要稳住下盘,上盘尤其左右双手运作时才不会顾此失彼。

五至十二人的茶桌(约8尺长 x 2.5尺宽),泡茶师要站着才能操作自如。多人的茶席,杯子杯托加多,食用茶食时也需要更多地方,整个茶席将需要调度,扩展桌面使用面积才够应付的,泡茶师这时站着将可以更从容进行工作,如把温杯的水倒掉、奉茶、添茶、上茶食等程序,站着的话整个人拥有伸展、转身余地,动作利落一些,不必勉强把手伸得长长,甚或因为上半身紧贴茶席而发生衣袖或衣服的前幅翻倒茶具的情形,也不会因为手势伸展动作的不顺畅,或上上下下起身拉椅子推椅子的不安而干扰客人的安静。

还有,就是站着掌席奉茶时不会被一边的煮水器挡着。很多煮水器身高达一尺多,除了造成奉茶不便,同时产生烫热感与危险。考虑到这个,煮水器若要置放茶席上,该位置应挖空给它降低才放加热器,席上就只是被看见放热水壶而已即安全许多。若不,煮水器应离开茶席,放在泡茶师身边一个矮架子即可。

站着掌席更重要的原因,是为了让泡茶师更加有优势创造一个能量更大的气场,泡茶师的视线可以远一些,波动辐射长一些,这样子才能关照全场人们的需要,协助人们与茶、器物和环境相处,他所想、所看、所做、所说、所泡出之茶汤才能波及十二人,达到冲击与感动作用,大家接受到这种传达的能量,就知道要跟着泡茶师的节奏,把心思收在茶席上,放在手上那杯茶汤上。

许玉莲

  (1984)

喝茶者的礼节十八戒-许玉莲

喝茶者的礼节十八戒

许玉莲

2013.2月刊发表于中国海峡茶道杂志每月专栏

喝茶者可以歪着身子斜躺在椅背,看泡茶者泡茶以及接受他奉茶吗?不可以。斜躺姿势在家里可谓之舒服、轻松,在公众场所这样做即带傲慢、轻视之意,没有把泡茶者「放在眼里」,是不尊重他人的行为。喝茶时不至于要严格地正襟危坐,但端正坐姿不可少,可脚踏实地、手掌轻松搁膝盖上。

泡茶者奉茶给喝茶者,喝茶者可以继续聊天不理他吗?不可以。原则上泡茶、品茗活动进行时,我们要「不讲话」,才能安心、专心欣赏和享用这个「茶道作品」,故此规定不可聊天。在一些「聚会式」茶会可轻声聊天,但奉茶者端茶过来时,喝茶者要暂停聊天接受奉茶,并向他表示谢谢才对。

开会时,奉茶者端茶给与会者时,与会者可以不理他吗?不可以。与会者不要只顾着与人寒暄,或发表讲话,要百忙中停一下与他点头也好,微笑也好,以示感激。不要觉得他在骚扰开会,采用「来一位奉一位」的奉茶法是对与会者的尊敬,有些会议在来宾未抵达前就把所有的茶摆在桌上,那是不正确的。

老师上课时,学生给他奉茶,老师要怎么做?老师必须站(或坐)得好好的接受奉茶,看着奉茶者,谢谢他。不要嫌弃他以为他不识抬举打断说话的气场。老师到了之后他才特别为老师而泡茶,这是很崇高的敬意,老师要大方接受。

泡茶时,喝茶者翘腿而坐、双手摸着脚踝等茶喝可以吗?不可以。这种坐姿显得无礼及不卫生,双脚双手平稳坐着,背部轻轻靠着椅背即可。无椅背则不靠。

泡茶者端茶过来时,喝茶者要不要用手指头在桌面上敲桌?不必要。有说此动作代表礼貌,是谢谢泡茶者。我们认为这种「谢谢」太粗率,倒不如正正经经欠身或直接说出来有诚意。一些还绘声绘色说这是古代对皇帝的手势,代表叩头,还说要用哪个手指头,要敲几下云云。我们认为这种「叩头」是无稽之谈,不适合加诸在当代人生活。当代人要用当代的思考,找出当代人要的方式。

喝茶前要不要把茶汤吹凉?不必要。茶汤热时就让它放在桌上降温,过一会再喝。不错,茶汤温度要适口才能扎实地感受到它的味道,但不必操之过急,匆匆忙忙拿上来「吹」显得有点贪心,安心等一等就好了。有人还要教大家如何如何「吹」,俨然有一套「技术」的样子,殊不知这是引向「浮躁」的歪路了。我们说要「等」,该花多少时间花多少时间,这是喝茶的态度,不能说「等」就是浪费时间。要不要「吹」应该讨论的是心法,而不是手法。

喝茶时要不要发出声音?不要规定「要不要发出声音」。本来已经有点声音的就让它有,本来没有声音的不必改成有声音,不必各说各话。不要以「有没有发出声音」、「声音要有多大」来判断喝茶者的专不专业、会不会喝茶、有没有礼貌或者茶的味道好不好。要有效喝茶,喝茶时就要集中精神,可闭上眼睛,含着一口茶咬嚼,打开全身每一个细胞去感受它的香味。喝茶的动作、声音不一定要怎样,实实在在的即可。

喝茶该不该把茶喝光?应该。小壶茶法的汤量并不多,喝完它一点困难都没有。觉得茶汤过浓喝不下去,可恳请泡茶者加一点水,再把它喝完。喝到最后杯底沉淀有细碎茶末怎么办?茶汤里有些茶末没关系,它不妨碍茶的滋味与人体健康,可喝完。有人每一杯茶都只喝一半,另一半拿去倒掉,或喝剩一口留在杯里,这是对茶与人都缺乏起码尊重的举止,不应该。

喝茶者可以伸手去泡茶者的「领域」拿壶拿茶海倒茶吗?不可以。不止泡茶者与喝茶者有各自的「领域」,喝茶者与喝茶者间也有各自「领域」,手不要越过界去取拿茶具或茶,轮到你了就会传给你。对泡茶者要给予信任,相信他已安排好了什么时候要喝什么时候不要喝。

喝茶要有「乾杯」仪式吗?不要。茶性适合细品,而不宜狂欢,茶自有的丰富风味可以让它独立存在做自己、散发自己的魅力,不必「以茶代酒」,喜欢酒的人请「哪里凉快哪里去」。

喝茶者看到有人泡茶、或奉茶给他,就问「什么茶」可以吗?不可以用「耳朵」喝茶。要去体会泡茶者的策划,要欣赏出泡茶者独到的地方,要喝出茶的特别处究竟在何处,喝茶者也就知道自己在喝着什么茶了。再者,「什么茶」并不重要,要有欣赏不同茶的能力,要有接受每一个茶的涵量才重要。

喝茶者要催促泡茶者「快点泡」、「快给领导倒茶」或「换茶」之类吗?不要。煮水有煮水的时间,浸泡有浸泡的时间,倒茶、奉茶、奉给谁都有一定的时间,泡茶者知道得一清二楚,喝茶者稍安勿躁。不要以「年纪大、辈分长、职称高、经验老」为由而呱呱吵。

喝茶者拿茶杯时手指要翘上来做「兰花指」样或任何名堂的手势吗?不必要有任何名堂。任何手指都不要翘上来,翘上来难看,而且无意义。拿茶杯要持得稳,别使茶汤溅出,别烫到手就可以了。拇指与食指夹着杯沿,中指托着杯底是不错的手势,但不必把它当作教条来执行,不托着杯底行吗?也是可以的。

喝茶者可以在茶席上吐痰、擤鼻涕、吐唾液、放屁吗?不可以。这些行径有碍卫生,应在私下照料处理好才入座,临时有需要可离座到卫生间。不想离座,用纸巾包着那口痰或鼻涕,再放入自己的口袋可以吗?不可以。这不只是唾液、痰、鼻涕要放在哪里的问题,这是一种没有为他人着想、欠缺卫生的举止,不应该当众做。不是故意的,只不过是生病了呢?生病者不要参加茶会,留在家里休养。

喝茶者可以边喝茶边吸烟吗?不可以。茶席是禁烟区,吸烟要到吸烟区。况且,喝茶活动需要安排一段完整的时间空出来,专心地做,不适宜边喝茶边做其他什么。故此即使傍边有吸烟区,也不要来去离座吸烟。

喝茶者可以边喝茶边用手机或电脑吗?不可以。「喝茶」也包括泡茶与奉茶的。整个「喝茶」活动还包括各种茶具、环境、人物的交流才可完成,不宜在现场再做其他事情。茶会一般属于预约活动,可将事情安排好了再参加。很忙呢?非用手机不可呢?那就不要出席。

喝茶者可以在喝完最后一杯茶,马上转身就走人吗?不可以。应该等候泡茶者将茶杯及其他茶具归位、还原茶席的面貌(别让茶席蓬头垢脸就与客人说再见),正式道别后,喝茶者才告辞。这时喝茶者可谢谢泡茶者也谢谢其他喝茶者才离开。一些较正式茶会,泡茶者会让喝茶者欣赏泡过的茶底,喝一杯清水才算结束,喝茶者要致力配合与享用后再作告别。(2013-1-10完稿)

  (1742)

烧水方法不能脱离现实生活-许玉莲

烧水方法不能脱离现实生活

许玉莲

20130219马来西亚《光明日报》每周“茶人的第三隻眼”专栏

现在泡茶说「微波有声、涌泉如珠、腾波鼓浪」或说「蟹眼、鱼眼」来形容烧水的水温状况不切实际,观看煮一壶水的过程,一沸:当水底泛起轻轻的漩涡,水面微微的有点起伏,时而一粒一粒小水珠冒上来,这就是所谓「蟹眼」了,再仔细一点可听到从煮水壶传出来的「风入松」(风吹进松树林)之「沙…..沙……」声响,这时水温约摄氏七十多度。二沸:水面四周围已经皱卷,从壶底的水中央有一连串水泡不断冒上来,每一个水泡大如鱼眼,这时约摄氏八十多度。三沸:整壶水一波未停一波又起并「啵啵啵……」声响,约摄氏九十多一百度。

但现实生活中已没有多少个人会这样子「观水」、「听水」和「候水」,我们再也回不去古时的生活方式,因为制茶、煮茶、饮茶方法不一样,使用器皿、环境也不再,人们的价值观、心态与情感的寄托更加今非昔比,上述的说法是脱离了现代生活的。

就现时的烧水习惯而言,大家多用不锈钢、陶、银、铁器等盖着盖子来煮,很难看到水状的变化,除非使用玻璃器就透明可看,但玻璃煮水器选择不多,品质不是那么好的又影响茶味,大多不用。看是看不到了,听呢?除非特别找个清幽僻静的环境泡茶才能捕捉到「风入松」的声音,当代日常工作与生活地点无论在哪里都避不了电脑、手机、空调、交通工具、电视等发出来的声音,早已掩盖水烧开的「沙…..沙……」声,也听不到了。

候水烧开呢?适当地等一会儿如十五分钟加热,已经很了不起,要是烧一公升的水从头到尾要等四十五分钟至一小时,会耽误下半天的生活安排,偶尔为之或可行。因为我们建议一顿茶的喝茶时间约花二小时就好,加上来回、堵车时间几乎已半天。

不是我们要反对细腻地专注地生活和泡茶,不懂得享用泡茶过程的「观水」、「听水」和「候水」的安静时刻,只不过现代生活和泡茶借用很多现代用器如电水壶、温度计等,故此泡茶烧水应如何调整观念,以及整理出一套适合现代学茶人运用的阅读的烧水和水温的方法,如何通过一些现代用器的进步来提升泡茶的细腻,是我们在现代茶法要做的事。

  (1869)

泡好一壶茶的信念-蔡荣章

泡好一壶茶的信念

蔡荣章

201302《海峡茶道》月刊专栏

我们说茶文化、茶道、茶道艺术、泡茶师、茶道艺术家、茶汤,都是要以茶为核心,因为脱离了茶,或是离茶太远(即涉茶的成分太少),就跑到别的领域去了。如果说茶文化,那是包括上游的种茶、制茶到中游的卖茶,下游的喝茶。如果说茶道,就把重心移到成品茶,再加上茶与人、茶与社会的关系。如果说茶道艺术,那就只关注到泡茶、奉茶、品茗的内涵与形式。如果说泡茶师,那是特别强调泡茶的技艺。如果说茶道艺术家,那是在泡茶、奉茶、品茗间注入更多的艺术成分。如果说茶汤,那就专指茶道艺术家最终完成的那杯茶。

上面所说的茶文化各各范畴,不但要以茶为核心,还有一个共同的基础,那就是要把茶泡好。这句话大家或许不容易理解,但是大家想想,如果茶泡得不好喝,大家不喜欢喝茶,自始茶文化就不会形成,茶了不起只变成一种药物或营养品、食品添加剂。至于茶文化里的茶道、茶道艺术、泡茶师、茶道艺术家、茶汤,更是一层比一层更依赖〝泡好一壶茶〞。到了泡茶师、茶道艺术家、茶汤,几乎等同于〝泡好一壶茶〞。

泡好一壶茶有三个不同的层次,最起码的层次是泡得人们喜欢喝。有些茶是别人为了情面勉强喝的,有些茶是别人听说茶有益健康、茶是高雅饮品而喝的。第二个层次是泡得色香味都非常丰盛,别人端上手就被吸引住了。第三个层次是把茶性表现得很到位,诸如品种风味、地理环境、土壤特性、成长岁月,甚至适当冲泡器对该泡茶的影响、泡茶者个人对该泡茶的理解与感情。谈到茶文化、茶道,最少要做到第一个层次,谈到茶道艺术、泡茶师,最少要做到第二个层次,谈到茶道艺术家、茶汤作品,就得做到第三个层次。

泡好一壶茶包括把身体弄干净、把手洗干净、选配适当材质的壶盅杯等用具、处理好要用的水、将茶看个仔细、将心情平静下来。这些都是泡好一壶茶应有的基本素养,不论是茶的爱好者还是茶文化工作者,不论是泡茶师还是茶道艺术家,平时都要有这些积累,而且随着自我期许的增高逐步要求得精致。

泡好一壶茶是喝茶人、茶文化工作者、茶人应有的信念,因为一切茶的大道理都要以它为起点,而且起点有多高才能谈多高的道理。这个信念是什么呢?就是只要泡茶就非得要把茶泡好不可。就像现场挥毫的书法家或画家害怕一下手就失败,就像音乐家害怕一上台没能把曲子弹好唱好一样。但是现阶段的茶者缺乏这种警觉,为什么呢?因为我们没有把茶道或茶道艺术的〝呈现着力点〞放在茶汤上,我们依赖着太多茶席桌布、插花、音乐、服饰、肢体等来分担茶道表现的效果(然现场挥毫者、台上的音乐家没有这些依赖)。如果大家的眼睛与注意力都放在泡茶者的泡茶、奉茶、茶汤上,我们就不得不随时担心是否把茶泡好了。

泡好一壶茶的信念还不只是技能的,还是态度的。茶没泡好怎能端出去给别人喝?自己也不能喝这样的茶。厨师也懂得这个道理,炒得太咸的菜、没炖好的肉是不可以端出去给客人吃的,自己也不能吃这样的菜。

泡好一壶茶的信念还包括泡的是好茶。做得不到位的茶、做得不卫生的茶不可以泡给别人喝,也不可以泡给自己喝,唯有这样,茶文化才有益于人们的身心。我们也要以这样的信念导使人们做出好茶、做出合乎卫生安全的茶。(2013.01.11)

 

  (2091)

品茗馆之龙井-许玉莲

品茗馆之龙井

许玉莲.文/摄影

现代茶思想龙井 龙井外形扁平,挺秀的样子好神气,似剑状,有些呈弧度的似镰刀微微弯,很有线条美,将龙井拨出时,茶叶会自自然然地滑滑地向四面八方倾泻,滑成一座小山的样子。

现代茶思想龙井

茶干色泽黄中带绿,整体均匀;闻茶干,有清新的芽香,香气会迅速散播在空气里。吃茶干,小小一片含在嘴里,其芽香味可充满整个口腔,

冲泡时的水气,可捕抓到一丝丝从这股芽香挥发出来的青青草原气息。

现代茶思想龙井

 

现代茶思想龙井

其茶汤水柔软,水色是嫩嫩的淡淡的鹅毛黄,汤水香气清纯。水面会有微量的细细茸毛,那是属于嫩芽头的。

茶汤入口滋味醇厚,有花蜜香味在上颚,喉底回甘,留有一种乳香味在嘴里,似咀嚼坚果或瓜子时,到最后会有一丝乳香的感觉,让人恋念。

现代茶思想龙井

泡过的芽头体态彷如刚采下的新鲜叶子,有弹性,吃茶渣,带植物的清爽苦味。

现代茶思想龙井

现代茶思想龙井

上图:看龙井茶叶的大小。(上排:cm、下排:inch)

 

  (2095)

泡茶小助手茶签茶匙-许玉莲

泡茶小助手茶签茶匙

许玉莲

20130205马来西亚《光明日报》每周“茶人的第三隻眼”专栏

茶签是一支约十六cm长的针状竹制物,也有用名贵花梨木或沉香木做的,早期它主要被泡茶者拿来通壶嘴,因出汤时茶叶常常堵住在「壶流」,要把茶签伸进壶嘴将茶叶「推」下去,茶水才可流出。后期壶里的出水孔大多做成网状和球状以阻挡茶叶入「流」,很多不再需要茶签。

但茶签有另一重要用处:可当作泡茶者的手指来使唤,这样才不会将茶叶折断,要将茶荷里的茶叶拨入茶壶,用茶签轻轻划一下足矣,手指头的大小不顺,力度太强。要从茶罐倒茶叶入茶荷,茶签的长度也可帮忙进入罐内「邀」茶叶出来。茶叶在茶荷被观赏时,要更清楚看茶叶的细节部位,可用茶签翻动茶叶指出要点。

茶签有两种设计,一种就单一只有针状造型,叫茶签。第二种茶签有一物二用功能,它另一头的形状像「匙」,叫做茶匙,表示这件器物除了茶签可帮忙拨茶叶,也可用茶匙部位从茶壶内把茶渣「请」出来观赏。喝完茶后即刻用手指往壶里挖掏茶渣太粗鲁,要用茶匙,况且那样做也太烫手了。像这种双重功能的茶器,当要用那一头时就以该部位名称呼之。

如果一头有茶签一头有茶匙,泡茶者就务必让它们分工,做「干燥的工作」拿茶叶是茶签,做「潮湿的工作」挖茶渣是茶匙,不可混乱,这是对茶叶的「干、湿」,「未用、已用」的留意与尊重,对茶具的尊重,对专业的尊重,对人的尊重。如果泡茶时凡事只是虚应故事而已,茶道就无法产生感受力了。

茶匙也有只是单一匙状造型而已,不与茶签同在,这时针状的造型会变成直平状或斜平状的刀片形,此部位要当作茶签(像手指这样拨茶叶)来用是没有问题的。要单独准备一支茶签,一支茶匙也可以。这种造型的茶匙也被称为「茶杓」,泡饮抹茶时可用于从茶罐掏拿茶粉。

有人见到一些可爱的茶树枯枝,捡回家弄干净当茶签用,那是一种单纯的趣味,偶尔为之无不可,但不代表每一样茶具都要这样「捡破烂」回家才显泡茶意义。有人规定凡泡茶者必须自己亲手制作茶签、茶匙、茶荷等竹器,否则就断定他是一个不懂泡茶之人。没有必要如此偏执,艺术的发展也需要分工。

 

  (2077)

無我茶會Sans Self Tea Gathering-Chapter 6- Pre-event Preparation for Sans Self Tea Gathering -蔡荣章Rong-tsang Tsai

《無我茶會Sans Self Tea Gathering 180條》

蔡荣章著Author:Rong-tsang Tsai

ISBN 978-957-9690-08-9,“无我茶会Sans Self Tea Gathering 180” ,First edition: 1999.9, Second edition: 2010.9,《无我茶会180条》,1999.9第一版,2010.9第二版,台北陆羽茶艺股份有限公司.2012.05.20修订版.-English Translator : Katherine Yip,英语翻译:叶德明.

Chapter 6 Pre-event Preparation for Sans Self Tea Gathering

53 ‘Simplicity and Modesty’: the principle behind the use of tea ware for Sans Self Tea Gathering.

A Sans Self Tea Gathering is to be carried out in as simple a manner as possible; the same goes with personal tea ware for the occasion – one can look to ‘travel tea ware’ as a guide. Going simple will help significantly cut down on time spent preparing, using and packing tea ware; meanwhile, time saved will enable us to experience and enjoy the atmosphere and ambience of the tea gathering.

Precious tea ware is best kept at home. Participants are encouraged to bring along practical pieces. Though the rare fines will usually make quite an impression during the ‘tea ware appreciation and networking’ session, this will draw comparison as participants may rack their brains trying to determine which ones to bring to catch attention. They would be so worried about their precious tea service throughout the event that they will miss what is essentially an enjoyable experience. More often than not, simplicity could be the best policy in life — fame, wealth, possession, and ways and means alike.

When we mentioned ‘precious’, we refer to the yardstick for participants in general. However, for those who often bring such tea ware along and find no problem with this, we will not name-tagged such ‘unsuitable’.

54. The basic ware for Sans Self Tea Gathering

For a gathering with floor seats, bring along ‘seating cushion’. As everyone has to brew tea, ‘teapot’ or ‘tea bowl’ for whisking matcha is essential, so are ‘teacups’. The number of teacups would depend on what is listed in the ‘Notification’.  If teapot is used, bring along a ‘tea pitcher’ for distributing tea; even if tea is evenly poured into the cups from the pot for the first brewing, it will not be easy to attain the same level of evenness in strength for subsequent brews. Pour tea into the pitcher first before serving,  because the teacups would have been offered to different fellow tea drinkers – if we pour tea directly from the teapot into individual teacups, the tea infusion served first will be weaker than that served later; and , going back and forth to ensure even strength is too much of a hassle. A ‘tea serving tray’ will come in handy for serving tea from the tea pitcher or tea bowl (in the case of whisking matcha).

For convenience’s sake, put the right amount of tealeaves into the teapot beforehand, if you prepare to use one. This saves the trouble of bringing along the ‘tea caddy’. However, if matcha is to be served, the ‘tea caddy’ is a must, so are the ‘tea scoop’ for scooping out the tea powder and ‘tea whisk’ for whipping up the matcha.

Hot water is a must for both brewed and whisked teas.  Bring along a thermal flask with boiled water of the required temperature. As duration for brewing is crucial, a ‘timer’ with seconds display or a watch is essential to help keep track of time. A ‘tea towel’ will help catch any drip in the course of tea brewing or serving; and it can be used to wipe the used cups when we are packing after the tea gathering.

Lay a piece of ‘tea brewing cloth’ on the floor (or on the table, if applicable). Place the tea ware on the cloth. Make sure there is enough space at the outer edge for the others to offer tea to you. You may use either the cloth for wrapping the tea ware or a dedicated ‘pot wrapping cloth’ for this purpose.

Put the tea ware into your ‘carrying bag’, and you are ready to attend the Sans Self Tea Gathering.

无我茶会小壶茶法茶具

 

无我茶会抹茶法茶具

55. Some practical tips about the ‘Tea Ware’ for Sans Self Tea Gathering

There should be a strainer at the base of the teapot’s spout to prevent tealeaves from blocking the flow of tea. The mesh should be very fine to catch even the very tiny residue. Otherwise, residue with some tea infusion may be left at the bottom of the teacups, affecting not just the water temperature, but making it difficult to wipe dry the teacups afterwards. A ‘strainer’ incorporated at the opening of the tea pitcher could complement the straining function of the teapot. Tea pitchers are used to distribute tea infusion into individual teacups. It is important that these pitchers have ‘anti-dripping’ design; otherwise, tea infusion may spill and wet the brewing area of fellow participants. (If a rug is used at the brewing area, quickly use the tea towel or tissue paper to absorb the tea infusion to avoid leaving any stain which could be hard to remove)

The size of the teapots and tea pitchers should be considered in relation to the number of cups. Avoid using teacups with a capacity of more than 50cc. Tea infusion should only fill 4/5 of the cups because each participant will be served a few rounds. Large teacups would require large teapots/tea pitchers as well as water flasks, which could be inconvenient when being carried around.  Use weightier teacups.  Do not use delicate teacups such as the eggshell porcelain for outdoor tea gatherings to avoid spillage in a sudden draft.  Fluted-shape teacups with small base are not advisable, as they may spill with a quick gust of air or being carried around on the tray

The serving tray should be just big enough for the cups. Also, avoid trays with very slippery surface to eliminate the risk of spillage when the cups are being carried around.

56. How is the best way for tea ware to travel?

Each item for the Sans Self Tea Gathering has to be packed in a damage-free manner.  Teapots, tea pitchers or tea bowls could be wrapped carefully with a ‘wrapping cloth’. Tea cups, be they stacked on top of each other, bundled up or ‘hooked’ onto the teapot and be wrapped together, must have ‘cup covers’ for extra protection; otherwise, they may be damaged by pressure. The thermal flask must be positioned upright and wobble-free, and not knocking against other tea ware in the carrying bag.

Organize the carrying bag into a few parts: one for the thermal flask; one for major tea ware such as teapot, tea pitcher and teacups; one for the tea serving tray, tea towel and timer; one for the seating mat; and one for personal items such as camera. This way, packing will be a lot easier. If possible, use a shoulder bag for ease of movement and flexibility.

When tea ware has to be transported in your checked-in baggage for an overseas Sans Self Tea Gathering, protect each item with personal clothing in a hard-case luggage.  If in doubt, bring them along in your hand luggage.

无我茶会一壶二杯包紮法

 

无我茶会一盅二杯包紮法

57. Things to note about the protective/wrapping materials for the tea ware

Apart from safety, protective/wrapping materials for the tea ware must also be considered in terms of hygiene, odour and appearance. ‘Hygiene’ means that the materials and printing on it must be pollution-free and easy to wash.  Materials with ‘odour’ will stay on the tea ware or be absorbed by the tealeaves; hence, it is important to choose odour-free materials.  ‘Appearance’ refers to the fact that the wrapping and unwrapping of the tea ware is a part of the ‘tea-brewing’ experience – ease of use and visual appeal will affect the mood of the participants. You may use the original commercial packaging or towels at home. While these will save you the worries about hygiene and odour, they may not be stylistically refined enough.

58. Which ‘tea’ should I bring?

This would cover the type and grade of tealeaves. ‘The type’ would depend on what is stated in the ‘Notification’ issued by the organizer; but the principle is to welcome ‘all types of tea’ or teas in a broad category. ‘The grade‘would be largely a personal choice, as long as it does not have an unpleasant smell or taste, and is not something you don’t like, because it would go against the aspiration of Sans Self Tea Gathering to encourage us to ‘accept and appreciate teas of all kinds’.

On what occasions would the organizer require a specific category of tea be used? For example, if a Sans Self Tea Gathering is planned for early spring to remind us of the arrival of the season, the Notification may make it clear that green tea is preferred; however, there will not be any restriction on the types. As for a memorial tea gathering, the organizer may request participants to bring along a certain type of tea because of its relationship with the person to be honoured.

59. How should be ‘tea’ be carried? (When should we put tealeaves into the teapot?)

With the exception of ‘powdered tea’, tealeaves can be added into the teapot before leaving home.  In the spirit of ‘simplicity and frugality’ of the Sans Self Tea Gathering, there is no need to bring along the tea caddy. Some of us may be worried about the quality of the tealeaves transported this way. Fret not. This is acceptable on the day itself, provided that the teapot is dry and there is no distinct odour or off-smell in the carrying bag. For tea gathering to take place the following day, get ready a tea caddy and leave it in the luggage. Put tealeaves into the teapot right before you leave for the tea gathering the next day.

Powdered tea has to be whisked in the tea bowls, and there is no way it can be placed in the bowls and be carried to the venue. It is, therefore, necessary to bring along a separate powdered tea container.

60. How to prepare the tea ware if two types of tea are to be brewed?

In the spirit of ‘simplicity and frugality’ advocated by the Sans Self Tea Gathering, we will not think along the line of ‘discarding the residue > rinse > and then put in another type of tealeaves’ when the organizer requests two teas be brewed. Instead, prepare an extra teapot, and pack another tea separately. The same set of teacups will be used.

Normally, such requests would be made for a gathering that lasts longer, or at a venue that is conducive for staying longer, or of long missed friends. There may be an intermission, or some other activities in between for the first and second situations mentioned above.

61. Preparing water for brewing and the choice of thermal flask

One of the rules of a Sans Self Tea Gathering is ‘to be self-equipped without expecting anything from the organizer’.  As such, each participant will have to bring along water for brewing. Given the improved temperature retention technology nowadays, the slight temperature drop in the flask will not affect the brew. However, if the water is kept in the flask longer than half a day, it is necessary to add hot water. The best time and place to do so is during meal break at the eatery you dine in.

Decide water temperature according to the type of tea you are going to brew. Make it 3°C to 5°C higher than required to provision for temperature drop on the way. Furthermore, the basic way of brewing adopted by the Sans Self Tea Gathering requires no pot warming. Use hot water to rinse the thermal flask before adding hot water to it will help eliminate heat loss. If the outside of the flask feels hot after hot water is poured in, insulation is inefficient and it is time to change the flask.

Opt for travel-size instead of household flasks. The size of thermal flask would depend on the number of cups to be served and rounds of brewing. Choose flasks made of impact-resistant and unbreakable materials, and look for one-push open button design – not only is this more convenient than the stopper type for pouring water out, you will not end up having a big splash in case the flask topples.

62. Sitting posture at a Sans Self Tea Gathering

Unless in the rare occasion where chairs and tables are made available, Sans Self Tea Gathering are normally held with participants sitting and brewing on the floor. How then should participants sit?  One can sit with parallel legs and bent knees (as in kneeling), with crossed legs and bent legs, or in a half-lotus position. We encourage kneel-sitting because it is more elegant and makes it easier for the participants to rise and serve tea. However, it would need a bit of practising for the inexperienced. Try gradually lengthen the time as you practise. Meanwhile, small collapsible chairs are allowed for participants with knee problem which do not allow them to sit on the floor.

Floor seating encourages closer interaction apart from the fact that there are no chairs and tables blocking the way. This goes with family members brewing tea together. What’s more, sitting on the floor allows you to feel the earth beneath you, giving rise to the feeling of harmony between man and land.

63. Some practical tips about the seating mat

Seating mats are essential since Sans Self Tea Gathering supports the idea of floor seating. In an outdoor setting, there will be small stones on the ground, so it is good to have the seating mat made of stretchable and durable materials; loose, spongy ones are not suitable.

Considering that Sans Self Tea Gatherings are organized in different locations, it is best to use tea ware that travels well. By the same token, seating mat has to be easy to carry. Consider seating mats that can be folded. A simple DIY version goes like this: Get a piece of dense sponge. Make a fabric cover slightly larger than the sponge and sew to divide it into four compartments. Cut the sponge into four squares of equal size. Insert a cut piece of sponge into a compartment and sew up. This way, you will have a seating mat that can be folded one-fourth of the size it opens up. Make sure the mat, when opens up, is large enough for you to be seated. If you are going to kneel-sit, the length of the mat should be slightly more than the distance between your knee and toes when seated. The width should be slightly more than that of the body when seated.

64. What should we bring along in addition, if it rains before the tea gathering or the ground is sandy/muddy?

Bring along a lightweight, water-proof cloth if the ground is wet or muddy. Lay it on the ground and put the seating mat and tea ware on top of it. This should take away the worries.

Why lightweight cloth, you may ask? We don’t suggest using plastic sheets because they are mostly lacking in visual appeal and are too slippery to stay in place, unless you can find some nice ones with a ‘cloth’ feel. By comparison, water-proof fabric looks more appealing. Lightweight material is easy to bring along and clean afterwards. This cloth should cover the area of the seating mat and brewing area; and yet, it should not be so big that it exceeds the area allocated by the organizer and may cause a slip or trip.

65. Attire and shoes for Sans Self Tea Gathering

This would depend on the occasion – formal gatherings require proper attire; for occasions among friends, casual clothing is fine. Whichever the case, the clothes you wear must allow you to be seated and brew tea with ease. Neckties and accessories such as long necklaces should be secured in place to avoid it finding its way into the tea infusion or hitting the tea ware.

Should the venue require participants to remove their shoes throughout the event, pay attention to the colour and thickness of the socks/stockings – a pair of very transparent silk stocking would create the impression of one being bare-footed.

For venue that does not require participants to take off their shoes throughout the event, choose shoes that can be ‘put on’ and ‘taken off’ easily. It will be inconvenient, not to say unbecoming, if you have to tie or untie your shoelaces or pulling your shoes strenuously on or off each time you get back to your seat or rise to offer tea.

66. What kind of preparation is required for a tea gathering that calls for tea time snacks?

If tea time snacks are to be shared during the tea gathering, participants have to prepare both the snacks and serving utensils. As the name suggests, these snacks are to be taken with tea. A small quantity will serve the purpose, since each participant will get to enjoy snacks brought along by several fellow participants. The flavour of these snacks should harmonize with that of the tea – avoid snacks that are too strong, too salty, too spicy or too sour in taste. Equally inappropriate will be snacks containing parts that require us to spit out at the end or those that are too chewy, as these will cause inconvenience and create anxiety.   Bring along snacks that are easy to handle, preferably individually packed.

The number of servings should match that of cups to be served. For example, the Notification specifies four cups are to be served, then bring along four servings of snack. If the participants are expected to offer tea to onlookers, the Notification will specify the amount of extra snacks required.

We should also prepare utensils for serving snacks. Bring along two small dishes; alternatively, use two pieces of paper towel. One of these should be placed on the tea serving tray for the snacks you’ve brought along; the other at an appropriate spot at the tea brewing area for others to offer snacks to you. Remember to pack equipment such as bamboo knife, if required.

67. Example of tea brewing at a Sans Self Tea Gathering: Small teapot brewing

As mentioned, Sans Self Tea Gathering encourages the use of travel tea ware for fuss-free tea brewing.  There is, however, no restriction on the style and brewing method. The ‘small pot’ brewing which we are going to talk about and the ‘lidded-cup’ brewing and ‘powdered tea’ brewing which we will discuss later are but for reference only.

Take your seat, and lay the seating mat on the floor. Stand behind the rear end of the mat, take off your shoes, and sit on the mat. Place the carrying bag on your right. If the ground is wet or too sandy/muddy, lay the cloth liner first before laying your seating mat, aligning the rear end of both. If there is no cloth liner, shift your seat slightly to avoid the inconvenient surface, provided this does not affect the order and the overall arrangement of the seats.

Place the tea serving tray in front of the seating mat. Leave some space between the tray and the seating mat as the tea brewing area. Take out the tea ware. Say you have bundled two teacups with the teapot together, and the other two teacups with the tea pitcher (in the event that each participant is to bring along four teacups). Take out the bundle with teapot first, unwrap and place the teacups and teapot on the tea serving tray. Put the wrapping cloth and cup covers back in the bag. Then, take out the bundle with the pitcher, unwrap, and lay the wrapping cloth (which doubles up as tea cloth) between the seating mat and tea serving tray. Remove the teapot from the tray and put it on the tea cloth, then put the two cups from the second bundle on the tray. Arrange the four cups properly, and make sure the teapot and tea pitcher are at the centre of the tea cloth.

Leave some space at the front end of the tea cloth for others to place their cups when they offer tea to you. Leave some space at the rear end of the tea cloth as well, to accommodate the tea towel and timer (tea towel could be replaced by paper towel, and timer could be replaced by your watch). For special reasons such as space constraint or children participate in brewing, the tea serving tray could be positioned to the right of the tea cloth to make the tray more accessible. Shift the tea cloth a bit to the left.

Take out the tea towel and timer. Place them behind the teapot and tea pitcher. The thermal flask should be placed to the left of the tea cloth (In general, participant will use their right hand to hold the teapot, and pour the water using their left hand).

According to standard procedure, tealeaves would have been put into the teapot. When it is the scheduled time for brewing, pour an appropriate amount of hot water from the flask into the teapot, and then sit quietly while tracking the time.  Don’t be distracted; have your mind settled down and track your time by simply counting your breath. When it is about time, check your timer to ascertain timing and pour all the tea infusion into the tea pitcher. Then, pour tea from the pitcher into the teacups. Hold the tea serving tray with both hands and rise to offer tea. Leave the last cup of tea on your tray and return to your seat. Place the cup on your tea cloth.

When everyone has finished the first cup, you may start brewing a second time. Follow the same routine – track the time, sit down quietly and pour the tea into the cups. This time, put the pitcher and tea towel on the tea serving tray. Hold the tea serving tray with both hands and rise to offer tea. Pour tea from the pitcher into the cups you have already offered; use the tea towel to catch any drip. Return to your seat and pour a cup for yourself.

When it is time for packing, wipe the cups you have drunk from with the tea towel. Bring along the tea serving tray and collect the cups you have served others. Return to your seat and place your cup onto the tray as well.

Screw back the cover of the flask (during the gathering, it is not necessary to do so each time after you have poured hot water; just close the inner opening will do), put it back into the carrying bag, and then put back the tea towel and timer.  Put two of the cups onto the tea cloth, and move the teapot to the tray. Take out two cup covers from the bag and put them on the two cups. Use the tea cloth (which doubles up as a wrapping cloth) to wrap the tea pitcher and the two covered cups into a bundle, and put this back in the bag. Take out the other wrapping cloth and the remaining cup covers.  Pack the teacups and teapot carefully and put them back into the bag. Put back the tea tray. Finish by folding the seating mat and cloth liner and put them back.

68. Example of tea brewing at a Sans Self Tea Gathering: Lidded cup brewing

You may want to brew with a lidded cup. In this case, you would have packed the lidded cup, the tea pitcher and cups into three separate bundles (some may want to wrap equal number of cups separately with the lidded cup and pitcher, making two bundles). Begin by laying the seating mat.  Put the tea serving tray in place, and take out the bundle of ‘cups’. Unwrap and put them on the tray, two in a stack; keep some space free on the tray.  Then, take out the ‘tea pitcher’ and unwrap, leaving it temporarily on the tray. Finally, take out the ‘lidded cup’. Unwrap and lay the wrapping cloth on the floor as the tea cloth. Move the tea pitcher to the centre of the tea cloth, side by side with the lidded cup. Leave some space at the front end of the tea cloth for others to place their cups when they offer tea to you. Meanwhile, place the tea towel and timer at the rear end of the tea cloth.

Tealeaves would have been added to the lidded cup beforehand. Brew tea by pouring in hot water. Track the time for the desired strength. Take up the lidded cup and pour all the tea infusion into the tea pitcher. Then, pour tea from the pitcher into the teacups. Offer tea with the tea serving tray. From the second brewing onwards, offer tea with pitcher on the tray, and pour tea into the cups you have already offered.

At the end of the gathering, pack tea ware individually. Put them back into the carrying bag in the reverse order.

69. Example of tea brewing at a Sans Self Tea Gathering: Powdered Tea Brewing (and Drinking)

For powdered tea to be served as the Sans Self Tea Gathering, follow the ‘Whisked Powdered Tea for Small Cups’ format.  Powdered tea is whisked in the tea bowl before being poured into small cups to be served.  As far as preparation concerned, wrap teacups and tea bowl into the first bundle, the tea caddy of powdered tea the second, and the tea scoop and tea whisk the third.  Follow the standard procedure to lay the seating mat and tea serving tray. Take out the second and then the third bundles, unwrap and put the tea caddy of powered tea, tea scoop and tea whisk on the tray. Take out the first bundle, use the wrapping cloth as tea cloth and lay it on the floor. Place the tea bowl at the centre of the tea cloth, the tea caddy to its left, and the tea scoop and tea whisk to its right. The tea cups should be placed on the tray.

Add an appropriate amount of powdered tea to the tea bowl, add water and whisk. Hold the bowl and pour it into the cups (use a ‘spouted tea bowl’, i.e., a tea bowl with a serving spout). Offer tea to others with the teacups on the tray. From the second brewing onwards, whisk the tea and bring over the tea bowl for serving.

When it is time for packing, pour some hot water into the tea bowl. Swirl the water around for a while and then pour it into your own cup; this will help dislodge the tea powder residue in the cup. Take this as a ‘parting drink’ and finish it in one if not two cups.  Fellow tea drinkers may do the same – pour some hot water into the cup with powdered tea residue, swirl and drink before wiping the cup.

70. There is no pot warming or cup warming in the description of the methods above. Why?

As the simple approach of a Sans Self Tea Gathering  goes, the steps of putting in tealeaves, appreciating the appearance, taking in the aroma and warming the cups and others have been eliminated. Tealeaves are to be put into the teapot before leaving home.

Appreciating the appearance and taking in the aroma of the tealeaves would help tea brewers decide the brewing methods. Should the guests be invited to do the same, it will complicate the procedure on the one hand, and disturb brewers from making correct judgement on the other. One of the principles observed by a Sans Self Tea Gathering is “making an effort to brew well”. Tea brewers need to have thorough understanding of the tealeaves before brewing. They will judge the amount to be used by appreciating the appearance of the tealeaves. Meanwhile, brewing time becomes extremely important after two to three brewings, and one way to ensure sound judgement is by taking in the aroma. Pot warming helps prevent teapot from drawing too much heat from the water. To compensate for the omission of pot warming, just increase the water temperature when you are preparing the water, or slightly extend the duration of brewing.  Cup warming helps prevent tea infusion from cooling too fast. Considering the relatively short distance between participants, and the duration from the time tea is offered to the time it is consumed, the tea infusion would not have cooled significantly. As such, this step can be eliminated.

71. Lighting requirement for an evening Sans Self Tea Gathering

An evening Sans Self Tea Gathering reminds participants just how beautiful a night it is. Participants would have to bring along their own lighting device, which would have to comply with the following requirements:

a. It must be easy to carry, safe and hassle-free.  If the outing involves a flight journey, check if the fuel is allowed to be checked-in.

b. Bring along, or create your own lighting equipment. This will add colour and diversity to a wonderful evening event.

c. Pay attention to wind-proof design that keeps it out of draughts – this is important especially with candle or oil lamps.

d. Choose light that shines downwards. Make sure it lights up the tea ware, especially the tip of the spout to ensure you can see clearly the height of the stream of water being poured into the teapot.  Do not rely on hand-held lighting device (such as a torch); this may accidently points at the others when you put it down on the floor.

e. The lighting should last for an hour and a half, and above. Light up your area from the time of preparation – do not wait until you begin brewing. This is to make sure the ‘tea ware appreciation and networking’ session is bright enough for the participants.  For battery-operated device, bring a spare set for replacement.

72. What is to be achieved with a Sans Self Tea Gathering?

A Sans Self Tea Gathering enables participants to embrace the spirit of the Way of Tea, including an absence of hierarchy, no expectation of reciprocity, setting aside of personal preferences, and an effort to improve and progress. There are no facilitators or event directors, and silence is observed throughout the gathering to reveal the beauty of collective rhythm. The aim of the tea gathering is achieved if the above has been fulfilled.

Making new friends during the pre-event ‘tea ware appreciation and networking’ session or other post-event activities, and catching up with old friends at the gathering could be considered added values of Sans Self Tea Gathering.

Some participants may find it too much of a hassle to travel this far with tea ware on tow for just a few rounds of tea. There may even be a sense of loss if the gathering fails to bring out the characteristics of Sans Self Tea Gathering.

To enrich the experience, one may include post-event activities such as talk, music performance or hiking.

73. How to enjoy Sans Self Tea Gathering in a relaxed manner?

Avoid focusing too much on socializing, and make sure you prepare yourself well, as follows:

a. Familiarize yourself with the rules of Sans Self Tea Gathering. This way, you will not make mistakes that may spoil your mood.

b. Prepare all the necessary items and make sure they work properly. Avoid poorly-designed tea pitcher that drips, teapots with insufficient straining capacity, and seating mats that are too soft to cushion you comfortably against small stones – these will stop you from fully enjoying the experience.

c. Practice brewing beforehand.  Know how much water is needed for a certain number of cups, the required water temperature, and the way to brew a perfect cup. It will be too late to apologize if what you offer is far from being perfect.

d. Find a way to sit comfortably on the floor, and get used to it. This requires practice, whichever you are going to sit – numbness and pain will take away the pleasure you should be feeling at a Sans Self Tea Gathering.

74. Choose tea ware that travels well for Sans Self Tea Gathering.

Get yourself a dedicated set of ‘Sans Self Tea Gathering Tea Ware’ – this not only comes in handy, but also doubles up as a travel set.

It could be further simplified to ‘a pot, two cups and a flask’ if you are travelling alone. Put the covers on the teacups and hook them onto the spout and handle of the teapot. Wrap them with a wrapping cloth into a bundle. Bring along a travel-size flask of hot water.

When you are on the plane, on the train or visiting a friend, simply unwrap the bundle and lay the wrapping cloth on the table as tea cloth. Place the teapot at the centre, and the two cups in front of the pot, side by side. Tealeaves would have been added to the teapot before you leave home, so just pour water from the flask, track the time (with the timer, your watch, the wall clock or by mental counting). When the appropriate strength is attained, pour all the tea infusion into the cups by going back and forth (The amount of water must be correct to ensure all the tea infusion is emptied. By going back and forth, the strength of tea will be even between the two cups). When you are enjoying the tea alone, take the first cup followed by the second cup. When you are on a visit, offer a cup to your friend. When you are on the plane on the train sitting next to a stranger, offer a cup to him/her.  Three rounds afterwards, you may pack your tea ware and continue with the journey. When you are back at the hotel, clean and leave the pot, cups, cup covers and wrapping cloth to dry. The following day, you may add some tealeaves to the teapot, and with ‘a pot, two cups and a flask’, set off for another satisfying day accompanied by tea.

 

  (3205)

第六章 與會者事前的準備-蔡荣章

《無我茶會Sans Self Tea Gathering 180條》

蔡荣章著Author:Rong-tsang Tsai

ISBN978-957-9690-08-9 ,“无我茶会Sans Self Tea Gathering180,”, First edition: 1999.9, Second edition: 2010.9。《无我茶会180条》,1999.9第一版,2010.9第二版,台北陆羽茶艺股份有限公司,2012.05.20修订版。

第六章 與會者事前的準備

53.無我茶會茶具「精儉」的要求

無我茶會不僅行政工作要力求簡便,個人攜帶的茶具也要簡便,是以「旅行用茶具」作為準備的原則,因為簡便才不至於把很多時間花在茶具的準備、操作與收拾上,才有多餘的時間可以體會、享受茶會的氣氛與意境。

無我茶會還要求不帶珍貴的茶具,雖然珍貴的茶具在「茶具觀摩與聯誼」的時候會造成熱烈的迴響,但也容易引起比較,出發前就思量著應帶什麼茶具才能夠在會上奪得異彩。攜帶珍貴的茶具,一路上也會提心吊膽,失掉了許多參加茶會的樂趣。再說,簡便也是吾人處世很好的一種態度,包括對名、對利、對物,以及方法與手段。

上述所說的「珍貴」,是指一般人的衡量標準,如果使用者對該件茶具已習以為常,攜帶上、使用上都不會造成得失上的太大負擔,我們可以將之排除在“不宜攜帶”的範圍。

54.無我茶會的基本道具

無我茶會若是席地而坐,應該準備一塊「坐墊」。無我茶會是人人泡茶,所以要有泡茶的「壺」,或打末茶的「碗」。無我茶會是人人奉茶,所以要有「杯子」,杯子的數量依「公告事項」所定。如果用壺泡茶,還要有容納茶湯的「茶盅」,以便將茶分倒入杯;因為即使第一道可用平均分茶法直接將茶倒入杯中,但第二道以後呢?必須將泡好的茶全部倒入盅內,然後端茶盅出去奉茶。因為你的杯子是分散在客人那邊,如果直接以壺出去倒茶,先倒的必淡,後倒的必濃,要來回倒以求濃度平均是不方便的。為了端杯或端茶盅、茶碗(打末茶時)出去奉茶,需要一個「奉茶盤」。

為了簡便,以壺泡茶時,可以在出門前將準備沖泡的茶葉放入壺內,這樣就不必另行攜帶放茶葉的「茶罐」;但如果是打末茶,就必須準備裝有末茶的茶罐。打末茶時,還要有舀末茶的「茶杓」及打末茶的「茶筅」。

不論泡茶或打「末茶」,都必須有熱水,所以必須配備熱水瓶,裝妥所需溫度的熱水。泡茶需要控制茶葉浸泡的時間,所以攜帶一只讀秒的「計時器」,或以手錶代替。泡茶、奉茶時,難免有茶水滴落,有條「茶巾」比較方便,這條茶巾還可以在收拾茶具之前用來擦拭自已用過的杯子。

泡茶時(包括打末茶),應該有條「泡茶巾」鋪在地上(桌上泡茶時則鋪在桌上),上面放置茶具,其外緣還要留出空間作為別人奉茶給自己的地方。這條泡茶巾可以用包裹茶具的「包壺巾」代替,也可以另行準備。

以上這些茶具用「茶具袋」裝著,就可以參加無我茶會了。

无我茶会小壶茶法茶具

无我茶会抹茶法茶具

 55.無我茶會的「茶具」應注意哪些使用上的功能

泡茶用的茶壺,其出水孔要有濾網,免得被茶葉堵塞而出水不良。濾網要細,否則茶湯中細渣太多,喝茶的人無法將茶湯喝光,每次留一些在杯內,不但影響下一道的水溫,最後擦拭杯子時也不方便。在茶盅的盅口加一個「濾網」可以彌補茶壺濾渣功能的不足。茶盅最主要的功能是分茶入杯,盅嘴要能「斷水」,否則倒茶時會有茶水滴落到外面來,出去奉茶時會把別人的泡茶區弄濕。(如果在地毯上泡茶,應立即以茶巾或紙巾將茶湯儘量吸乾,否則染上茶色後不容易去除。)

壺、盅的大小應配合杯數的需要,無我茶會使用的杯子不要超過50cc,所倒茶湯也以八分滿為限,因為往往要喝數位朋友的數道茶。杯子太大,壺盅也要大,保溫瓶也要大,都導致茶具攜帶上的不便。杯子最好厚重一些,薄胎的杯子,在戶外使用,一遇風大,容易被吹倒。底部細小的盞形杯也不適宜,不但風吹易倒,奉茶走動時也容易傾倒。

奉茶盤不要太大,放得下奉茶的杯子即可。奉茶盤的表面不要太光滑,否則起身奉茶,杯子容易滑動。

56.如何攜帶茶具才好

無我茶會的茶具必須有攜帶上防破損的包裝。壺、盅或碗可用「包壺巾」包紮,杯子不論是疊在一起包成一包,還是扣在壺身上包成一包,都要有「杯套」將杯子保護好,否則直接接觸擠壓容易破損。保溫瓶放置的地方要能固定,避免撞擊茶具。

裝茶具的袋子規劃成數個區域,例如一個區域放熱水瓶,一個區域放壺、盅、杯等主茶具,一個區域放奉茶盤、茶巾、計時器等物品,一個區域放坐墊,一個區域放相機等個人物品。如此在擺設茶具、收拾茶具時才不致亂成一團。茶具袋若能背在身上,行動起來較為方便。

出國或遠地參加無我茶會,若將茶具作為托運行李,除行李箱要硬殼外,每件茶具還要以衣物加強保護,且避免在箱內碰撞。若沒有把握,最好作為隨身行李攜帶。

无我茶会一壶二杯包紮法

无我茶会一盅二杯包紮法

57.保護茶具的包裝器材有何應留意的地方

無我茶會茶具的包裝器材除安全性外應注意衛生、無味與美觀。「衛生」包括材料、印刷的無污染與便於清洗。包材若有「氣味」會附著於茶具或被茶葉吸收。包材還得要求「美觀」,因為它與茶具為伍,解開與打包的過程都是「泡茶」的一部分,順利、美好與否都影響到參加者的心情。繼續使用商店的包裝材料,或用家裡的毛巾、餐巾來包裹,雖然衛生、氣味可能無慮,但操作過程難免顯得粗糙。

58.帶什麼「茶」才好

這個問題包括帶何種茶與什麼等級的茶。「帶何種茶」要看主辦單位在「公告事項」上怎麼約定,原則是「種類不拘」或哪一大類的茶。至於「帶什麼等級的茶」,不必特意去買什麼等級的茶,但有異味的茶、自己不喜歡的茶是不可以帶去參加無我茶會的,因為那已經不是「無好惡之心」所訴求的範圍。

什麼情況主辦單位才會指定帶特種茶類呢?如這次無我茶會在「早春」召開,茶會的目的又在提醒人們注意春天的到來,公告事項上可能會要求大家都帶綠茶來,當然何種綠茶就不能再設限了。另一種狀況是為追念某人的無我茶會,此人與某種茶有特殊的緣分,於是主辦單位要大家都帶那種茶。

59.「茶」如何攜帶(什麼時候將茶放入壺內攜帶才好)

除非是沖泡「粉末茶」,否則可以在出門前將茶放入壺內,無需另行攜帶一罐茶葉,因為無我茶會要求「精儉」。有人擔心這樣做會不會影響茶葉的品質?如果茶會就在當天進行,而且壺是乾燥的,茶具袋內又沒有其他氣味,茶葉放在壺內是無妨的;若茶會是在隔天以後舉行,那就準備一罐茶葉放在行李箱內,出門參加茶會前才將茶葉放入壺內。

粉末茶一般都在碗內調打而成,而且無法事先放置碗內,所以只得另備容器攜帶。

60.泡兩種茶葉時,茶具如何準備

由於無我茶會講求精儉,所以當主辦單位要求泡兩種茶時,我們不會往「去渣、清洗、再放第二種茶」的方向思考,而是在準備茶具時多準備一把壺,裝另外一種茶,單獨包成一包,茶杯只用一套,不做更換。

從事此「泡兩種茶」的規劃,一定是主辦單位認為要在會場上停留較長的時間,或許是環境適合較長時間的逗留,或因闊別多年的老友相聚。第一種茶與第二種茶中間大概會安排一段休息或其他活動。

61.泡茶用水的準備及對保溫瓶的要求

無我茶會有一條規則,即是「萬事自備,不求主辦單位為你做些什麼。」所以泡茶用水也是自己準備妥帶去。現在旅行用保溫瓶製作得不錯,半天內水溫降得不多,不會影響泡茶效果,但如果超過半天,就要考慮途中有什麼地方可以加水,半天總會遇到吃飯時間,可以利用這個機會裝水。

裝入保溫瓶的水溫要依泡什麼茶而定,而且比所需要的高3 ~5°C左右,因為途中會降一點,而且無我茶會的簡便泡茶法是不溫壺的。將保溫瓶先用熱水涮過再裝,可減少保溫瓶本身吸掉的熱量。若裝入熱水後,發覺保溫瓶外表熱熱的,表示保溫瓶的隔熱效果出了問題,應更換一支使用。

保溫瓶以旅行用的形式為宜,家庭用的大隻保溫瓶不方便。旅行用保溫瓶的大小視該次茶會泡幾杯茶、泡幾道茶、將用掉多少熱水而定。保溫瓶以摔倒不破的材質為佳,倒水時不必拔掉整個瓶塞,只按一下蓋鈕者更佳,因為這種型式的保溫瓶,泡茶時較方便,萬一傾倒時也不至於讓熱水大量潑出。

62.無我茶會就坐方式的探討

無我茶會除特殊情況使用桌椅泡茶外,最方便的是大家席地而坐、席地泡茶。若是席地而坐,用何種坐姿呢?跪坐、盤坐、單盤坐,都可以,但我們鼓勵跪坐,因為這種坐法比較美觀,而且起身奉茶比較方便,只是未曾習慣的人必須預作練習,逐次增加跪坐的時間。如果因為膝蓋不好無法席地而坐,備把小摺椅是被允許的。

無我茶會鼓勵席地而坐,除了方便外,沒有桌椅的阻擋,人與人間更加親密,即使家人一起泡茶,也是同樣道理。席地而坐還可以體會人與大地結合的感覺。

63.坐墊的功能要求

由於無我茶會鼓勵席地而坐,所以坐墊成了必備之物。室外地面常會有小石子,所以坐墊的質地要具彈性又要堅韌,太鬆軟的海綿不適宜。

無我茶會經常外出舉辦,所以使用旅行用茶具,坐墊也要考慮可以摺疊者。將堅韌的海綿墊裁成四塊,裝在縫成四方組合的布套內,就成了可以摺成四摺的坐墊。攤開後的面積,要足夠讓您坐下,如果是採取跪坐的方式,其長度要稍大於跪坐後膝蓋到趾間的距離,寬度要微大於坐下後身體的寬度。

64.茶會前下過雨,或擔心坐在泥地上,應增加什麼配備

地面潮濕,或會場上有泥土地,這時若有一條防潮的薄布鋪在地上,上面再放置坐墊與茶具,就沒有任何煩惱了。

為什麼強調“薄布”,因為若用塑膠布,除非製作得像布料的質感,否則不好看,而且容易滑動。經防潮處理的布料看來較美觀,薄一點容易攜帶與清洗。這塊墊布的面積要能涵蓋坐墊與自己泡茶的地方,但也不能太大,免得佔用的面積超過了主辦單位的規劃,也避免別人走動時踏到或絆著了。

65.無我茶會的服裝與鞋子

參加無我茶會的穿着要配合茶會的性質,若正式的茶會,穿著正式一點的服裝,若一些好友相聚,輕鬆一點無妨。但不論正式與否,方便「就坐」與「泡茶」都是要考慮的,胸前的領帶與飾物要固定在衣服上,免得泡茶、奉茶時撞擊到茶具或浸泡到茶湯。

如果茶會在必須全程脫鞋子的地方舉行,要注意襪子的顏色與厚薄,透明度太強的絲襪,看來會像赤腳的樣子。

不需全程脫鞋子的地方,鞋子也要挑選「穿」、「脫」方便的款式,否則脫鞋坐上坐墊、穿鞋出去奉茶,每次都得鬆綁鞋帶或以手拉扯鞋子,不方便又不雅觀。

66.茶會間安排有茶食享用時,如何準備

茶會間若安排有茶食享用,參加者就必須準備茶食與供應的設備。所謂茶食是指喝茶間搭配的小點心,份量不要多,因為每人都要享用數位茶友帶來的茶食。味道不要太強,太鹹、太辣、太酸,皆與茶味不和諧。不要吃了尚需吐渣的食品,也不要不易咀嚼的食物,這些皆為茶友帶來困擾。為攜帶與拿取的方便,最好每份茶食皆有獨立的包裝。

攜帶多少份數呢?相同於泡茶的杯數,公告事項上寫明帶四杯,就帶四份茶食。若此次茶會尚奉茶給圍觀的來賓,則依公告事項的約定攜帶額外的茶食。

除茶食外,尚需準備放置茶食的器皿。可帶二個小盤子,但為求簡便,可用二張餐巾紙代替,一張放在奉茶盤上放茶食,一張放在泡茶區適當的地方供別人放茶食。若供應的茶食尚需竹刀之類的器物,可另行準備。

67.無我茶會泡茶法舉例之一:小壺茶

無我茶會是攜帶旅行用茶具,以簡便泡茶法泡茶,但茶具的形式與泡法不拘。現在提到的「小壺茶法」與後面提到的「蓋碗茶法」與「末茶法」僅供參考而已。

找到自己的座位後,先將坐墊攤開鋪妥,站在坐墊的後方,將鞋子脫下,坐在坐墊上,茶具袋放在身體的右側。若地上潮濕或泥沙太多,而且帶有墊布,則先鋪上墊布,再對齊墊布的後緣放置坐墊。若未攜帶墊布,在不影響座位秩序下,稍微挪一下位子,以避開不便的地面是被允許的。

取出奉茶盤,放在坐墊的前方,奉茶盤與坐墊間空出個「泡茶區」。取出茶具,若您的包法是二杯與壺包成一包,另二杯與盅包成一包(假設約定泡四杯),則先取出壺的那一包,打開後將杯子與壺移放奉茶盤上,收起包壺巾與杯套;再取出“盅”的那一包,打開包壺巾後就鋪在坐墊與奉茶盤間作為泡茶巾使用。將奉茶盤上的壺拿回泡茶巾上,將新取出的二個杯子放上奉茶盤,將四個杯子在奉茶盤上排妥,將壺與盅在泡茶巾的中間部位擺好。泡茶巾的前端留出空間,作為別人前來奉茶時擺放茶杯的地方,泡茶巾的後端騰出空間,用以放置茶巾與計時器。(茶巾可用紙巾代替,計時器可用手錶代替。)若由於場地的關係或小朋友泡茶,端取奉茶盤不方便,可將奉茶盤改放到泡茶巾的右側,只要將泡茶巾稍微向左移一些即可。

拿出茶巾與計時器,放在壺、盅的下方。拿出熱水瓶,放在泡茶巾的左側。(一般習慣以左手沖水,以右手持壺。)

標準的做法是茶葉已放在壺中,到了約定泡茶的時間,打開熱水瓶,於壺內沖入適量的熱水,計時、靜坐。這時不必操心別人到底怎樣了,讓自己安靜下來,可利用呼吸的次數測定茶葉浸泡的時間,到了差不多該倒茶的時候,核對一下計時器,將茶湯全部倒入盅內。持茶盅將茶分倒入杯。雙手端起奉茶盤,起身出去奉茶,最後一杯等回座後放下奉茶盤,才端放在自己的泡茶巾上。

看大家大致喝完第一道茶,開始沖泡第二道,依舊計時、靜坐、倒茶,然後將茶盅與茶巾移放奉茶盤上,雙手端起奉茶盤出去奉茶,持茶盅將茶倒於自己奉出去的杯子內,萬一有茶水滴落,用茶巾擦乾,回座位後也為自已斟上一杯。

收茶具時,先將自己喝過的杯子用茶巾擦拭一下,端奉茶盤出去收回自己的杯子。回座位後將自己的一杯也放回奉茶盤。

將熱水瓶蓋妥(每次沖水後不必蓋上外蓋,只將內塞出水口關上即可),收回茶具袋內。將茶巾與計時器收妥,從奉茶盤上取下二個杯子,放到泡茶巾上,泡茶巾上的茶壺暫放到奉茶盤上,從茶具袋內取出杯套,將二杯與盅包好收回袋內。從袋內取出另一條包壺巾與杯套,將剩下的二杯與壺收好。接著收拾奉茶盤,最後起身收拾坐墊與墊布。

68.無我茶會泡茶法舉例之二:蓋碗茶

如果您是以蓋碗做為沖泡器,而且將蓋碗、茶盅、杯子分成三部分包裝(也可以將杯子分散與蓋碗、茶盅一起包裝),在鋪好坐墊,放妥奉茶盤後,先拿出「杯子」的一包,打開後將杯子放於奉茶盤上,並二個二個疊放在一起,以便留出部分奉茶盤的空間。接著拿出「茶盅」的一包,打開後將茶盅暫放到奉茶盤上。最後拿出「蓋碗」的一包,打開包壺巾後就鋪在地面上作為泡茶巾,將茶盅拿到泡茶巾上,與蓋碗在泡茶巾的中間排成一列。泡茶巾的前端依然騰出作為別人前來奉茶的地方,泡茶巾的後方放置茶巾與計時器。

茶葉是事先放在蓋碗內的,泡茶時依舊沖水、計時,浸泡到適當濃度,持蓋碗將茶湯一次倒於茶盅內,再持茶盅將茶分倒入杯,端奉茶盤出去奉茶。第二道以後則端茶盅出去,將茶倒於自己奉出去的杯子內。

泡完茶,收茶具時仍依取出時之相反次序,將之一件件收回茶具袋內。

69.無我茶會泡茶法舉例之三:粉末茶(含飲用法)

如果您準備在無我茶會時沖泡粉末茶,最好採用「末茶小杯點茶法」的方式,也就是在茶碗內將末茶打妥後,分倒於小杯內奉給茶友們喝。這時茶碗與杯子可以包成第一包,末茶罐第二包,茶杓與茶筅第三包。依前述放妥坐墊、奉茶盤,逐次拿出第二包與第三包,將末茶罐與茶杓、茶筅放於奉茶盤上。拿出第一包,將包壺巾鋪在地上作為泡茶巾,茶碗放在泡茶巾的正中央,末茶罐拿到茶碗的左側,茶杓與茶筅拿到茶碗的右側,茶杯放於奉茶盤上。

泡茶時,取適量的末茶於碗內,沖水、打茶,持茶碗將茶分倒入杯(這時的茶碗應是「有流茶碗」,也就是設計有倒嘴的茶碗),端奉茶盤出去奉茶。第二道以後,將茶打好,以奉茶盤端碗出去奉茶。

到了最後的收拾茶具,擦拭杯子前,倒些水涮一下茶碗,涮碗的水再沖一下自己喝末茶的杯子,免得碗與杯內黏附太多的末茶。沖完杯子的茶湯作為「回味湯」喝掉,一杯喝不完,喝二杯。被奉末茶的人也可以這樣做,倒一些熱水于盛末茶的杯子內涮一下,喝下茶湯後再擦拭杯子。

70.上述泡茶法舉例,為何都沒有提到溫壺、燙杯等動作

因為無我茶會是使用簡便的泡茶法,所以省略了置茶、賞茶、聞香、燙杯……等動作。置茶改在出門前就將茶葉放入壺中。賞茶、聞香除供泡茶者作為判斷茶葉沖泡法的參考資料外,不讓客人為之,一方面是因為若全面實施,過程太過繁瑣,二方面是加重「泡茶者要把茶泡好」的意念。泡茶者泡茶前應對茶有充分的瞭解,所以必須仔細觀賞,尤其對置茶量的判斷;二、三道以後對浸泡時間的掌握很重要,可利用每次沖泡前的「聞香」判斷所需浸泡的時間。溫壺的主要目的在減少壺身吸收水溫,省略後只要提高備水時的溫度或稍微延長茶葉浸泡的時間,就可以補救過來。燙杯的目的在於減少茶湯降溫的速度,但以無我茶會奉茶的距離與所需時間來看,端到客人面前,等到客人飲用時還不至於變得太冷,所以省略無妨。

71.無我茶會對「夜晚茶會燈」的要求

晚上舉辦無我茶會是要提醒人們欣賞夜色之美,每人自備一盞個人照明

用燈,這盞「夜晚茶會燈」的要求如下:

a.便於攜帶,而且安全無慮。若是搭飛機,應考慮所準備的燃料是否可以獲准上機。

b.每人自行準備,甚至自己創作,避免大家採購同一型式的燈具。

c.考慮到防風的功能,尤其是使用蠟燭與油燈的時候。

d.燈光要能朝下照射到茶具,尤其是壺口,否則看不清楚沖水的高度。不要依賴手拿著燈具照射(如使用手電筒),否則放下後,一不小心就照射到別人的臉上。

e.續燃力要在一個半小時以上,因為從備具起就要點亮,不能到了要泡茶的時候才打開,否則「茶具觀摩與聯誼」的時間太黯淡。若使用小電池,可多帶一組,以便半途更換。

72.參加無我茶會應達成多少目的

參加無我茶會的主要目的是透過茶會的進行,體會無尊卑之分、無報償之心、無好惡之心、求精進之心等的茶道精神,並享受無需指揮、靜默不語等的群體律動之美。若能專心於如此境界的把握與體認,茶會目的足矣。

若能於會前的「茶具觀摩與聯誼時間」、會後的其他活動裡認識更多的朋友、與老友敘敘舊,當是參加茶會的另一項收穫。

有些人認為老遠帶著茶具來泡這麼幾道茶不划算,若再遇上他所參加的茶會沒能將無我茶會的特質表現,更難免有失落感。

如果要使茶會更加豐富,可在茶會結束後繼續安排一些活動,如演講、音樂會、登山等。

73.如何輕鬆愉快地享受無我茶會

要能輕鬆愉快地享受無我茶會,除不要有太多社交性的目的外,還要有下列的預先準備:

a.熟知無我茶會的規則。如此才不至於發生錯誤而影響心情。

b.備妥所需的道具,而且功能完善。如果茶盅斷水功能不良,奉茶時茶湯到處滴落;濾渣功能不佳,不是茶湯倒得不順暢,就是茶湯裡的茶渣很多;坐墊堅韌度不夠,就坐時小石子刺痛了腳。這些都會讓您無法安心參與茶會。

c.熟練泡茶技藝。知道沖多少水方夠所需杯數的湯量;怎樣的溫度、如何泡法才能得出高品質的茶湯……,否則把茶泡壞了,抱歉都來不及。

d.讓自己坐得舒服。不論採取何種坐姿,都要預作練習,使自己坐立自如,否則雙腳麻痛,如何輕鬆愉快。

74.無我茶會的茶具就是「旅行用茶具」

為自己準備一套「無我茶會茶具」,不但可以參加無我茶會,也是一套「旅行用茶具」,出門旅行就可以帶著隨行。

如果只是一個人旅行,還可以將元件簡化成「一壺二杯一熱水」,二個杯子用杯套套著,倒扣在壺嘴與壺把上,用包壺巾包紮起來,熱水以小型旅行用保溫瓶裝著。

在飛機上、火車裡,或拜訪朋友時,將包壺巾打開,鋪在桌面上作為泡茶巾,壺擺在泡茶巾的中央,兩個杯子排列在壺的前面。茶葉已事先放入壺中,打開熱水瓶,沖水、計時(用計時器、手錶、現場的掛鐘或心算),適當濃度後,來回將茶湯全倒於兩個杯子內(要先知道沖多少水才可一次將茶倒光,來回倒茶的目的是使濃度平均)。一人獨飲時,先喝第一杯,再喝第二杯;拜訪客人時,一杯奉給客人;飛機上、火車裡,旁邊坐著一位陌生人,另一杯就奉給他。這樣泡個三回茶,將茶具收好,繼續前程。回旅館後,將壺、杯、杯套、包壺巾清洗晾乾,第二天出門時,再放一些茶葉入壺,「一壺二杯一熱水」放入背包,又是一天有茶為伴的日子。

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